Define "random sampling."

Random sampling refers to a sampling method in which every member of the entire population has an equal chance of being selected for participation in a study. This approach is critical for ensuring that the sample is representative of the population, which decreases the likelihood of bias influencing the results. By giving each individual an equal opportunity to be chosen, researchers can generalize their findings more confidently to the larger group, leading to more valid conclusions.

This method is fundamental in quantitative research, as it helps to ensure that the results can be attributed to the phenomena being studied rather than to systematic sampling errors. Random sampling can be achieved through various techniques, such as using random number generators, drawing names from a hat, or employing stratified methods to ensure all sub-groups are adequately represented.

In contrast, other approaches listed, such as using convenience sampling or bias elimination methods, do not provide the same level of rigor and reliability as random sampling. Additionally, using random sampling is not confined to qualitative research, making it widely applicable in different areas of research methodology. This makes option C the correct definition of random sampling.