What type of research is conducted when testing the applicability of a theory in different contexts, such as Dr. Borden's study on premature babies?

The correct choice reflects the nature of translational research, which is aimed at taking findings developed in basic science and applying them to real-world situations. In this case, Dr. Borden's study on premature babies exemplifies how a specific theory can be tested in a different context, moving insights from laboratory or theoretical settings into practical applications to impact healthcare outcomes.

Translational research often bridges the gap between basic biological research and clinical practice, facilitating the application of medical discoveries to improve patient care. In the context of Dr. Borden's research, it involves examining how theoretical understandings of neonatal development can be utilized in various settings, thereby promoting advancements in treatment and care for premature infants.

The other types of research mentioned, while pertinent in their own right, do not encapsulate this goal of applying existing theory in practical situations as effectively as translational research. Basic research focuses on generating knowledge without immediate application, applied research aims to solve specific problems but does not necessarily test a theory in various contexts, and experimental research emphasizes controlled testing to understand cause-and-effect relationships within a defined scenario, rather than the broader applicability of a theory.