Which question focuses on construct validity?

The focus on construct validity pertains specifically to how effectively a study measures or manipulates the theoretical constructs it aims to examine. In this context, option B is correct because it directly addresses the core issue of whether the operational definitions and measurement techniques used in a study accurately capture the constructs they are intended to reflect.

Construct validity is crucial for determining the strength of the inferences that can be drawn from the study. When researchers assess how well they have measured or manipulated variables, they are essentially evaluating the alignment between theoretical concepts and their practical counterparts in the study. Ensuring strong construct validity helps researchers confirm that the findings are relevant and applicable to the constructs they were intended to represent.

The other options do not directly relate to the measurement of constructs. Adequate sample size pertains to statistical power and generalizability, replicability touches on the consistency of findings across studies, and statistical significance relates to the probability that the observed results are not due to chance. Each of these aspects is important for different reasons in research methodology, but they do not specifically assess how well a study captures the constructs being measured.